What is synchronization in Java?

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In Java, the term "synchronization" refers to the coordination of multiple threads to ensure the safe and orderly execution of concurrent actions. In a multi-threaded system where multiple threads use shared resources at the same time, it is crucial to ensure that data integrity is not compromised or unbalanced results. Java has mechanisms like methods and blocks that have been synchronized and locked in Java. util.concurrent package, to ensure the synchronization. When a thread executes the synchronized block, method or that is synchronized, it obtains a lock for the specific class or object. This lock stops other threads from performing the synchronized block or method for the same object or class at the same time, making sure there is only a single thread that can access the crucial part of the code at a given time. Synchronization aids in maintaining the integrity of data and also ensures consistency by enforcing mutual exclusion as well as creating a relationship of happens before the threads' memory operations. In the wrong hands, a lot of synchronization could result in a performance decline because of contention for locks.

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